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Infant BAPTISM: Does Baptism Into Moses Justify Infant Baptism?

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Does “Baptism into Moses” Justify Infant Baptism?
by Caleb Colley, B.A., B.S.

Those who support infant baptism sometimes appeal to 1 Corinthians 10:2 to justify their position. The passage states that “all were baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea”—a direct reference to Exodus 14:22. Baptism into Moses is entirely different from baptism into Christ, but those who defend infant baptism assert that, because Paul called the crossing of the Red Sea a “baptism,” many infants and young children must have been “baptized” when the Israelites crossed the Red Sea. What did Paul mean when he wrote that “our fathers” all were “baptized into Moses”?

In 1 Corinthians 10, the inspired apostle did not discuss baptism, how to obtain forgiveness of sin, or entrance into the church. Paul referenced the sins of the children of Israel to warn the Christians in Corinth (see Mare, 1976, pp. 248-249). The meaning of baptism (in 1 Corinthians 10:2) is both literal and figurative. The Israelites were baptized—not in the sense that they were baptized for religious reasons, but in the sense that they were literally surrounded by water, though the water did not touch them. This is a legitimate use of the word “baptism.” When a body is buried in a cemetery, for example, the body is “immersed” in the ground (surrounded by dirt), though a casket prevents any dirt from actually touching the body. In that sense, the children of Israel were submerged in the Red Sea. Paul also wrote of baptism in a figurative sense: the Israelites were “baptized into Moses,” in that they devoted themselves to his leadership and, through him, God’s leadership. G.G. Findlay explained:

The cloud, shading and guiding the Israelites from above, and the “sea” making a path for them through its midst and drowning their enemies behind them, were glorious signs to “our fathers” of God’s salvation; together they formed a washing of regeneration (Titus 3:5), inaugurating the national covenant life; as it trode the miraculous path between upper and nether waters, Israel was born into its Divine estate. Thus “they all received their baptism unto Moses, entering through him into acknowledged fellowship with God; even so the Corinthians in the use of the same symbolic element had been baptized unto Christ (cf. Romans 6:3f., Galatians 3:27)” [n.d., p. 857, parenthetical items in orig.].
 


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Baptism into Christ is not mandated by Exodus 14:22, though the example of the Red Sea crossing metaphorically foreshadows baptism into Christ, as does the water of the Flood (1 Peter 3:20-21; see Lenski, 1937, p. 391). In Exodus 14, however, the children of Israel crossed the Red Sea in order to save their physical lives, not to save their eternal souls (plus, the “baptism” of Exodus 14 was instituted by Moses hundreds of years before the baptism of Christ came into effect). There is no identification of the proper candidate for baptism in either 1 Corinthians 10:2 or Exodus 14:22, so infant baptism cannot be justified by either passage.
 

If the Holy Spirit did not author a discussion of baptism into Moses in order to authorize infant baptism, why did He write about baptism into Moses? First, observe that when the children of Israel were baptized “into Moses,” they made a conscious decision to completely follow Moses’ leadership. Some Israelites had been quite critical of Moses’ leadership because he brought the people out of Egyptian slavery (Exodus 14:10-12). Others likely admired Moses, and were willing to follow Moses and Aaron out of Egypt, but following Moses across the parted Red Sea necessitated a higher level of trust. It was not a given that all the people would be eager to obey Moses’ command to “go forward” (verse 15). Following Moses’ instruction was not the only option available to the children of Israel (though choosing to disobey Moses meant almost certain death). Before crossing the Red Sea, the children of Israel made a commitment to obey Moses, and, in turn, to serve God. In the same way, people are baptized into Christ when they decide to stop sinning and serve the Lord, i.e., they are separated from the world and consecrated to God (Acts 2:37-38; Acts 22:16; see Kistemaker, 2002, p. 322). This point destroys infants’ candidacy for baptism.

Second, notice that the waters of the Red Sea, in dividing, did not save the children of Israel on its own—water is, by itself, incapable of defying the Law of Gravity. It was only by the power of God, in moving the waters, that Israel was preserved. Similarly, the waters of baptism are not magical or miraculous. It is not the water itself that washes away sin and saves souls. Rather, it is God Who forgives sin when someone is baptized, and He continues to forgive the sins of those who penitently serve Him (Matthew 26:28; Acts 8:13; 22:16; Romans 4:7,8; 1 Peter 3:21; 1 John 1:7). However, God never said that He would forgive the sins of one who did not believe on Him (or could not believe on Him, i.e., those incapable of belief need no forgiveness, because they have not sinned; see 2 Thessalonians 2:14; Romans 10:16; McGarvey, n.d., p. 40).

Third, most of the children of Israel who crossed the Red Sea as a result of their obedience to Moses died in the wilderness because they disobeyed God sometime after they crossed the sea. Similarly, just because someone is baptized into Christ and forgiven of sin, does not mean that he can never lose his salvation or fall out of favor with God. To the contrary, the Bible teaches that one can lose his salvation (Galatians 5:1,4; Hebrews 3:1,12; James 5:19,20).

Fourth, the example of the Israelites crossing the Red Sea should make every Christian more appreciative of the sacrifice of Christ. Just as God provided the only means of physical escape to the captive Israelites, God has provided us with the blood of Christ, which cleanses our souls from sin, providing the only means of escape from eternal spiritual death. God used the cloud and the Red Sea to “separate” an identified people—His chosen people. Today, the church makes up God’s spiritual Israel—those who are saved are members of the Lord’s church (Galatians 3; Ephesians 1:22-23; Hebrews 8).

REFERENCES

Findlay, G.G. (no date), The Expositor’s Greek Testament, ed. W. Robertson Nicoll (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans).

Lenski, Robert C.H. (1937), The Interpretation of I and II Corinthians (Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg).

Mare, W. Harold (1976), The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: 1 Corinthians, ed. Frank E. Gaebelein (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan).

McGarvey, J.W. (no date), Commentary on Acts (Cincinnati, OH: Standard).
 

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One of the great scenes of Old Testament history is the exodus of Israel from Egyptian bondage. In this article, we wish to consider four aspects of this epochal event—the date of the exodus, the visitation of plagues upon Egypt, the passover, and the passage through the Red Sea.

Hebrews 9:5 & Romans 3:25 - Christ Jesus: Our Propitiation
An interesting word in the Bible is “propitiation.” It is often translated “mercy-seat.” There is a connection between the imagery of the Old Testament system, and our Savior’s role in the redemption of man.

Does Divine Justification Exclude Human Obedience?
It is frequently alleged that “justification” is a process accomplished wholly by God, and any “obedience” on the part of man is excluded. But this theory, sincere as it may be, is seriously erroneous. Study this issue with us.

The Preposition "Eis" in Acts 2:38
It has long been known that denominationalists, welded to the theory of salvation by “faith alone,” repudiate the connection between baptism and the forgiveness of sins. Some, formally sound on this issue, now are capitulating to sectarian error. Take a brief look at this issue with us.

How to Go to Heaven -- Sincere, but Wrong
A kindly friend comes calling with a tract on “How To Have a Home In Heaven.” Unquestionably they are sincere. But is sincerity a valid substitute for truth? Jason Jackson addresses this issue.

Will Only “Your Bunch” Be Saved?
A querist wants to know, “Will only your bunch be saved?” Though the question ususally is highly prejudicial, we will elicit two answers—his and ours.

The "Bapto" Family in the Septuagint
A sincere Bible student feels that the Greek translation of the Old Testament, the Septuagint, provides evidence that the Greek term bapto may signify the actions of either sprinkling or pouring, as a baptismal rite. What does the evidence actually reveal?

Rich Nuggets in Romans 14:9
Tucked away in Romans 14:9 are some rich nuggets of truth that will enhance your faith.

Living in Terror
A sincere lady lives in terror because she fears that she is lost and cannot find peace of mind. This week’s Penpoints attempts to address her problem and guide her in the right direction.

"Belief" as Used in the Book of Acts
A study of the word “belief” as it is utilized in the book of Acts.

Hebrews 2:1 - Giving Heed to the Gospel
It is quite apparent that when one “gives heed” to the Lord’s will, he obeys the gospel.

The Use of the Preposition "Eis" in Matthew 12:41
In Acts 2:38 Peter contended that baptism is “for” (eis) the remission of sins. Since many religionists deny this biblical truth, they seek comfort in a supposed parallel that they imagine nullifies the force of eis in Acts 2:38. Some imagine they have found a solution to their theological problem in Matthew 12:41. But have they?

The Crimson Flow
It is not difficult to see how vital it is to understand the role of Jesus’ blood in God’s redemptive plan.

What Is the "Gift of the Holy Spirit" in Acts 2:38?
The expression “the gift of the Holy Spirit,” as found in Acts 2:38, has long been a matter of interest and discussion among the people of God. This month’s Feature article contains a consideration of this intriguing phrase.

Identifying the Church of the New Testament
Is it possible to rediscover the church of the New Testament in today’s world? Many sincere people have never considered this possibility. It is a thrilling thought. In a recent address, Wayne Jackson spoke of this matter.

Times That Try Our Souls
Division “contrary to the doctrine” of Christ is wrong (Rom. 16:17); but division, consistent with the Lord’s teaching, is not. Let faithful men and women work for a church that is united—but united upon the basis of biblical truth—not sectarian compromise (Jn. 17:17).

The Classification of Bible Commands
The commands found in the Bible may be classified in several ways to help our understanding.

The Roman Catholic - Lutheran Peace Treaty
On October 31st, 1999, in Augsburg, Germany, representatives of Roman Catholicism and Luthernism met to sign a “peace treaty” of sorts.

"Original Sin" and a Misapplied Passage
This essay addresses a verse commonly used in support of the false doctrine of “Original Sin.”

Lessons from the Catacombs of Rome
The catacombs located beneath the city of Rome are a wonder of antiquity which reveal much about the early adherents to the Christian faith.

A Response to a "Lutheran Pastor"
The belief that mankind is born with sin is without scriptural or logical foundation. Yet the teaching is quite common among denominationalists. The Lord’s church has been attacked for not upholding this ridiculous dogma.

Those "Testimonies" Regarding Miracles
Testimonies regarding alleged “supernatural” occurrences in folks’ lives are as frequent as they are fabulous. But are they to be given credibility, simply because someones says, “I experienced a miracle”? How does one measure the so-called “miraculous” events?

Was There Forgiveness Under the Mosaic Regime?
How does one explain the fact that “forgiveness” was promised to the ancient Israelites upon the basis of animal sacrifices, and yet the New Testament affirms that animal sacrifices could not remedy sin? This interesting question needs careful study.

The “Church Fathers” - Benefits and Abuses
The writings of the so-called “Church Fathers” are valuable sources of information for that period known as the “post-apostolic” age. Unfortunately, the literature frequently is also abused. Let us take a brief look at this matter.

Must One "Do" Something to Be Saved?
Why do some claim that one must “do” something, such as being baptized, in order to be saved?

The Philosophy of John Calvin
John Calvin was a tremendously influential person in Protestant history. But his Institutes reveals his philosophy towards the Holy Scriptures. Is this philosophy worthy of emulation?

Did All Christians in the First Century Possess Miraculous Gifts?
This article addresses the question as to whether all Christians in the first century were in possession of miraculous gifts.

Brown - Cook Debate

"Is Water Baptism Necessary for Salvation?"
(Scroll down to view the debate)

On February 14, 15, 16 and 18 David P. Brown of the churches of Christ and Gene Cook, Jr. of the Unchained Christian Church (doctrinally associated with the Reformed Baptist Church) met in debate in Chula Vista, California, to discuss the question, "Is Water Baptism Necessary for Salvation?" Mr. Brown affirmed the necessity of water baptism, and Mr. Cook denied its necessity. The debate occurred at the Chula Vista Church of Christ at 470 L Street, Chula Vista, California.

Mr. Brown affirmed the following proposition: "The Bible teaches that water baptism is essential to the salvation of the sinner." Mr. Cook took the negative.

Mr. Cook affirmed: "The sinner is saved, before and without water baptism."

Information regarding the debate is available by calling the preacher for the Chula Vista Church of Christ, Donald Z. Underwood, at 619-422-7747. He may also be faxed at 619-422-1966. E-mail the church at chulavistacofc@juno.com.

Below each speech of the debate is available for your study and consideration. Real Media Player is required to view these recordings.

"The Bible teaches that water baptism is essential to the salvation of the sinner."
David Brown affirms; Gene Cook, Jr. denies.

Monday Night, February 14
Introduction
First Affirmative - First Negative
Second Affirmative - Second Negative
Third Affirmative - Third Negative

Tuesday Night, February 15
Fourth Affirmative - Fourth Negative
Fifth Affirmative - Fifth Negative
Sixth Affirmative - Sixth Negative

"The sinner is saved, before and without water baptism."
Gene Cook, Jr. affirms; David Brown denies.

Wednesday Night, February 16
First Affirmative - First Negative
Second Affirmative - Second Negative
Third Affirmative - Third Negative

Friday Night, February 18
Fourth Affirmative - Fourth Negative
Fifth Affirmative - Fifth Negative
Sixth Affirmative - Sixth Negative

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